Molecular determination of root-knot nematode species, Meloidogyne spp. Goeldi, 1892 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) infesting weeds in kiwifruit orchards in Türkiye

In this investigation, the species of root-knot nematodes (RKNs) infesting weeds in kiwifruit orchards were investigated Ordu Province, Türkiye. A survey was conducted 2018 and roots with RKN infestations found orchards. The infested weed samples collected from 27 fruit located Province. Identification RKNs performed using molecular method based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). mtDNA region between cytochrome oxidase II large subunit ribosomal RNA amplified two pairs primers TRNAH/MRH106 MORF/MTHIS. Species-specific previously described used to confirm Meloidogyne as last step. incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919), arenaria (Neal, 1889) hapla (Chitwood, 1949) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) identified fifteen (2 unidentified) eight families. most frequent 74.1% infested, followed by M. at 22.2% 3.7%. study Erigeron canadensis L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), Mercurialis annua (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), Oxalis pes-caprae (Oxalidales: Oxalidaceae), Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), Fumaria officinalis (Ranunculales: Papaveraceae) Lycopus spp. Lamiaceae) be unrecorded hosts Sigesbeckia orientalis Asteraceae) Lythrum (Myrtales: Lythraceae) a host hapla.